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DEER RESISTANT PLANTS - from California

When considering plants in terms of their deer resistance, keep in mind that there are no plants – none – that are 100% deer-proof. In times of privation, deer will eat even poisonous plants, and fawns are notorious for nibbling almost anything. Seedlings and young shrubs and trees may need protection for their first few seasons even though resistant when mature.

In other words, there are no guarantees as far as deer tastes are concerned. As their sources of food become scarcer with the development of housing and commerce, deer are more and more likely to ‘invade’ our gardens as they try to survive.

Effective repellants are available; they are safe and natural. Some products that we have the most confidence in are Liquid Fence, a spray that goes on the plant itself, and Deer Scram, a granular material that is shaken onto the perimeter of planting areas. There are other good products as well; it is also possible to make your own potions or try hanging car fresheners or deodorant soaps in net bags on your vulnerable plants. Consider rotating products so the deer do not become accustomed to any one repellant.

Deer generally won’t:

• browse very low or very high (extend their necks much) or stand on their hind legs
• eat aromatic plants, such as most herbs
• eat plants with fuzzy or prickly foliage

Deer often will:

• eat moist, leafy plants
• nibble plants – especially new ones -- just to test them out
• eat the flowers on resistant plants just for their moisture
• eat resistant plants when they are hungry
• eat roses, tulips, pansies, petunias, agapanthus, photinia and rhaphiolepsis

The following guide is just that; it is not a guarantee. It is also arbitrary: what one horticulturist regards as a very resistant plant may be only somewhat resistant in another’s experience. And again, degrees of tolerance by deer change as their food sources do. If you have a low tolerance for deer damage and/or want to grow roses, build a fence or a raised bed.

Table of Contents

· Shrubs

· Perennials

· Trees/Tall Shrubs

· Vines p.

· Groundcovers

· Annuals pp.

· Bulbs pp.

(1) Most Deer Resistant

(2) Somewhat Deer Resistant

(3) Resistant When Mature

SHRUBS

Abelia (2) Abelia

Alyogyne huegelii (1) Blue Hibiscus

Andromeda polifolia (1) Bog Rosemary

Arctostaphylos (2) Manzanita

Aronia arbutifolia (1) Chokeberry

Artemesia spp. (2) Artemisia

Aucuba japonica (1) Japanese Aucuba

Baccharis pilularis (1) Dwarf Coyote Brush

Bamboo (1) Bamboo (all)

Boronia (1) Boronia

Berberia (1) Bayberry

Brugmansia / Datura (1) Angel’s Trumpet

Buddleia (2) Butterfly Bush

Buxus (1) Boxwood

Calliandra tweedii (2) Brazilian Flame Bush

Callistemon (1) Bottlebrush

Calluna vulgaris (1) Scotch Heather

Calycanthus occidentalis (2) Spice Bush

Carpenteria California (1) Bush Anemone

Ceanothus: Anchor Bay, Blue Jeans, Wild Lilac

Dark Star, Emily Brown, Julia Phelps

Snowball (1)

Owlswood Blue, Ray Hartman (2)

Concha (3)

Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Dwarf and Chinese

willmottianum (2) Plumbago

Chaenomeles (2) Flowering Quince

Choisya ternata (1) Mexican Orange

Cistus (2) Rockrose

Coleonema pulchrum (1) Breath of Heaven

Convulvulus Cneorum (3) Bush Morning Glory

Coprosma repens (C. baueri and x kirkii) (1) Mirror Plant

Cordyline australus (Dracaena australis) (1) Cordyline, Dracaena Palm

Corokia cotoneaster (1) Corokia

Correa (2) Australian Fuschia

Corylus cornuta californica (2) Western Hazelnut

Cotinus coggygria (2) Smoke Tree

Cotoneaster (2) Cotoneaster

Cytisus scoparius (1) Scotch Broom

Daphne spp. (1) Daphne

Datura / Brugmansia (1) Angel’s Trumpet

Dendromecon harfordii (1) Island Bush Poppy

Dodonea viscose (2) Hop(seed) Bush

Echium fastuosum and wildpretii (2) Pride of Madeira, Tower of Jewels

Eleagnus augustafolia and pungens (2) Russian Olive, Silverberry

Erica (1) Heath

Escallonia (3) Escallonia (pink and white)

Euonymous (2) Euonymous

Euryops (1) Euryops

Fatshedera lizei (1) Fatshedera

Fatsia japonica (1) Japanese Aralia

Feijoa sellowiana (2) Pineapple Guava

Forsythia (2) Forsythia

Fremontodendron (2) Flannel Bush

Gardenia (2) Gardenia

Garlic (1) Garlic

Garrya elliptica (1) Silktassel

Gaultheria shallon (2) Salal

Genista (1) Broom

Grevillea (1) Grevillia

Hakea sauveolens (1) Sweet Hakea

Halimium / Helianthemum (1) Sunrose

Hebe (1) Hebe, Veronica

Heteromeles arbutifolia (2) Toyon, California Holly

Ilex spp. (1) Holly

Juniperus spp. (1) Juniper

Kerria japonica (1) Kerria

Koehia scoparia tricophylla / Burning Bush

Bassia scoparia tricophyll (2) Mexican Fire Bush

Kolkwitzia amabilis (1) Beauty Bush

Lagerstroemia indica (3) Crape Myrtle

Lantana spp. (3) Lantana

Laurus nobilis (1) Grecian Laurel

Lavandula spp. (1) Lavender

Leonotis leonurus (2) Lion’s Tail

Leptospermum spp. (1) Tea Tree

Ligustrum japonica (1) Privet

Lorapetalum chinense (2) Fringe Flower

Mahonia (2) Oregon Grape

Meleleuca spp. (1) Maleleuca

Melianthus (1) Honey Bush

Myoporum spp. (1) Myoporum

Myrica californica/ Bayberry

Myrica pensylvanica (2)

Myrtus communis (1) Myrtle, Common or True

Nandina domestica (3) Heavenly Bamboo

Nerium oldeaner (1) Oleander

Osmanthus fragrans (2) Sweet Olive

Paeonia spp. (1) Peony

Perovskia spp. (1) Russian Sage

Philadelphus coronaries (1) Mock Orange

Pieris spp. (1) Lily-of-the-Valley Shrub

Polygala x. dalmaisiana (2) Sweet-Pea Shrub

Prosanthera rotundifolia (1) Mint Bush

Prunus spp. (1) Laurel

Pseudosasa japonica (1) Arrow Bamboo

Punica granatum (1) Pomegranate

Pyracantha spp. (1) Firethorn

Rhamnus californica (1) Coffeeberry

Rhododendron spp. [not incl. Azaleas] (2) Rhododendrons

Rhus ovata (1) Sugar Bush

Ribes spp. (3) Currant, Gooseberry

Rosemarinus officinalis (1) Rosemary

Sambucus racemosa (2) Red Elderberry

Sarcococca spp. (1) Sweet Box

Sollya heterophylla (3) Australian Bluebell

Spirea spp. (1) Bridal Wreath

Strelitzia sp. (1) Bird of Paradise

Taxus spp. (1) Yew

Tecomaria capensis [Tecoma] (1) Cape Honeysuckle

Ternstroemia gymnanthera (1) Ternstoemia

Tetrepanax papyriferus (1) Rice Paper Plant

Teucrium chamaedrys (3) Germander

Teucrium fruticans (2) Bush Germander

Thuja occidentalis (2) Arborvitae

Tibouchina urvilleana (1) Princess Flower, Pleroma

Vaccinum ovatum (1) Everygreen Huckleberry

Viburnum burkwoodii, davidii and tinus (3) Viburnum

Weigelia spp. (3) Weigela

Westringia fruticosa (1) Coast Rosemary

PERENNIALS / ‘TENDER’ PERENNIALS [including many BULBS]

Aquilegia (1) Columbine

Arundo donax (1) Giant Reed

Asarum caudatum (1) Wild Ginger

Asclepias spp. (1) Butterfly Weed, Milkweed

Asparagus densiflorus (1) Myers/Sprenger/Asparagus Fern

Aster spp. (2) Aster

Astilbe (3) Astilbe, False Spirea

Aubrieta deitoidea (2) Common Aubrieta

Aurinia saxatilis (1) Basket-of-Gold

Bacopa (1) Bacopa

Bellis perennis (1) English Daisy

Bergenia (2) Bergenia

Boltonia asteroids (2 ) Boltonia

Brachyscome iberidifolia (1) Swan River Daisy

Cactaceae, all (1) Cactus

Campanula (2) Bellflower

Canna (1) Canna Lilly

Carex (1) Sedge

Carpobrotus edulis (1) Ice Plant

Centaura spp. (1) Bachelor Button, Cornflower, Dusty Miller

Centranthus rubber (1) Jupiter’s Beard

Cerastium tomentosum (1) Snow-in-Summer

Ceratostigma plumbaginoides (2) Dwarf Plumbago

Chamomile /Chamaemelum nobile (1) Chamomile

Cheiranthus /Erysimum (1) Wallflower

Chrysanthemum / Argyranthemum frutescens (2) Marguerite Daisy

Chrysanthemum / Leucanthemujm maximum (1) Shasta Daisy

Chrysanthemum / Tanacetum parthenium (1) Feverfew

Cissus rhombifolia (2) Grape Ivy

Clivia miniata (1) Clivia

Coreopsis (2) Coreopsis

Crassula argenta (1) Jade Plant

Cyclamen (3) Cyclamen

Cymbidium (1) Cymbidium Orchid

Cynoglossum amabile (1) Chinese Forget-Me-Not

Cyperus papyrus (1) Papyrus

Delphinium (3) Delphinium

Dianthus spp. (2) Sweet William, Pinks,Carnations

Diascia (2) Twinspur

Dicentra (1) Bleeding Heart

Dietes vegeta / Morea iridioides (1) Fortnight Lily

Digitalis (1) Foxglove

Duchesnea indica (1) Indian Mock Strawberry

Dymondia margaretae (1) Dymondia

Dyssodia / Thymophylla tenuiloba (2 ) Dahlberg Diasy

Epimedium (2) Epimedium

Erigeron (1) Erigeron, Fleabane

Eriogonum (1) Wild Buckwheat

Erodium reichardii /E. chamaedryoides (1) Cranesbill

Erysimum / Cheiranthus (1) Wallflower

Erysimum linifolium (1) Bowles’ Mauve

Eschscholzia californica (1) California Poppy

Euphorbia spp.(1) Spurge, Milkweed, etc..

Euryops spp. (1) Euryops

Felicia amelloides (2) Blue Marguerite

Ferns, all (1) Ferns

Festuca ovina glauca (1) Blue Fescue

Fragaria chiloiensis (1) Strawberry

Freesia (1) Freesia

Fritillaria (1) Fritillaria

Gaillardia (1) Blanket Flower

Galanthus elwesii (1) Giant Snowdrop

Galium odoratum (1) Sweet Woodruff

Gazania (1) Gazania

Geranium incanum (2) Cranesbill Geranium

Gerbera (2) Gerber /Transvaal Daisy

Grasses, all (1) Grasses

Gunnera (1) Gunnera

Gypsophilia paniculata (1) Baby’s Breath

Hebe (1) Hebe, Veronica

Helleborus spp. (1) Hellebore

Heliotropium arborescens (1) Heliotrope

Hemerocallis (2) Daylily

Herbs, most (1) Herbs [except Basil]

Heuchera sanguina (2) Coral Bells

Hypericum (1) St. John’s Wort

Iberis (1) Candytuft

Iris (1) Iris

Ixia (1) African Corn Lily

Jasminum spp. (1) Jasmine

Kniphofia (1) Red-Hot Poker

Lamium (1) Dead Nettle

Lantana (2) Lantana

Lavandula (1) Lavender

Limomium sinuatum (1) Statice, Sea Lavender

Lithodora diffusa (2) Lithodora

Leonotis leonurus (2) Lion’s Tail

Leucojum (1) Snowflake

Liriope and Ophiopogon (1) Lily Turf

Lotus berthelotti (2) Parrot’s Beak

Lupinus spp. (1) Lupine

Lychnis coronaria (2) Mullein Pink

Lysmachia nummularia (1) Creeping Jenny

Matricaria recutita (1) Chamomile

Monarda spp. (1) Bee Balm

Muscari spp. (1) Grape Hyacinth

Myosotis (1) Forget-Me-Not

Narcissus spp. (1) Narcissus, Daffodil

Nierenbergia spp. (1) Cup Flower

Nepeta x. faasseni / N. mussini (1) Catmint

Oenothera spp. (2) Evening Primrose

Ophiopogon japonicus (1) Mondo Grass

Osteospermum fruticosum (1) African Daisy

Pachysandra terminalis (1) Japanese Spurge, Pachysandra

Papaver orientale (1) Oriental Poppy

Parsley spp. (1) Parsley

Pelargonium spp. (2) Geranium: Common, Scented, Ivy

Penstemon spp. (2) Beard Tongue

Phalaris arundinacea picta (1) Ribbon Grass

Phlomis fruticosa (1) Jerusalem Sage

Phlox sublata (1) Moss Pink

Polemonium caeruleum (1) Jacob’s Ladder

Polygonatum spp. (1) Solomon’s Seal

Potentilla verna (1) Cinquefoil

Portulaca grandiflora (1) Rose Moss, Portulaca

Pulmonaria spp. (2) Lungwort

Rehmannia elata (2) Chinese Foxglove

Romneya coulteri (1) Matilija Poppy

Rosemarinum officinalis (1) Rosemary

Rudbeckia (1) Black-Eyed Susan, Gloriosa Daisy,

Coneflower

Salvia [pungent and/or small, leathery- Sage, Salvia

leafed spp.; not annual or tender spp.] (1)

Santolina chamaecyparissus (1) Lavender Cotton

Sanvitalia procumbens (1) Creeping Zinnia

Saxifraga (1) Saxifrage

Saponaria spp. (2) Soapwort

Scabiosa spp. (2) Pincushion Flower

Scaevola (1) Mauve Clusters

Scilla spp. (1) Bluebell, Squill

Sedum spp. (1) Stonecrop

Senecio cinceraria (1) Dusty Miller

Senecio hybridus (1) Cineraria

Silene aucaulis (1) Moss Campion

Sisyrinchium spp. (1) Blue- or Yellow-Eyed Grass

Solidago spp. (1) Goldenrod

Sparaxis tricolor ( ) Harlequin Flower

Stachys byzantina (1) Lamb’s Ear

Tagetes lemmonnii (1) Perennial Marigold

Tellima grandiflora (1) Fringe Cup

Teucrium spp. (1) Germander

Thalictrum spp. ( ) Meadow Rue

Thymus spp. (1) Thyme

Tiarella spp. (1) Foamflower

Tithonia rotundifolia (1) Mexican Sunflower

Tradescantia spp. (1) Wandering Jew

Trichostema lanatum (1) Wooly Blue Curls

Tulbaghia violacea (1) Society Garlic

Valeriana officianalis (1) Valerian, Garden Heliotrope

Veronica spp. (1) Speedwell

Viola odorata (1) Sweet Violet

Yucca spp. (1) Yucca

Zauschneria californica [Epilobium] (1) California Fuschia

Zephyranthes candida (1) Zephyr Flower

TREES / TALL SHRUBS

Abies spp. (1) Fir

Acer palmatum (2) Japanese Maple

Aesculus (1) Buckeye

Albizia (1) Silk Tree, Mimosa

Cassia [Senna] (1) Shower Tree

Chamaecyparis (2) False Cypress

Citrus (3) Citrus (Lemons, Oranges, etc..)

Cornus spp. (1) Dogwood

Cotinus coggygria (2) Smoke Tree

Dracaena spp. (1) Dracaena, Corn Plant

Fagus sylvatica (1) European Beech

Laurus nobilis (1) Grecian Laurel

Liquidamber syraciflua (2) Sweet Gum

Liriodendron tulipifera (1) Tulip Tree

Magnolia grandiflora (1) Magnolia

Magnolia [deciduous spp.] (2)

Maytenus boaria (2) Mayten Tree

Metasequoia glyptostroboides (1) Dawn Redwood

Morus alba (3) Mulberry, White or Fruitless

Olea europaea (1) Oliva

Ostrya virginica (1) Hornbeam

Palms – all (1) Palms

Picea spp. (1) Spruce

Pinus spp. (1) Pine

Pistachia chinensis (2) Chinese Pistache

Platanus spp. (1) Sycamore, Plane Tree

Podocarpus spp. (2) Yew Pine

Pseudotsuga menziesii (1) Douglas Fir

Quercus spp. (2) Oaks

Sequoia sempervirens (1) Coast Redwood

Tamarix aphylla (1) Athel Tree, Tamarix

Taxus spp. (1) Yew

Thuja plicata (1) Western Red Cenar

Tsuga spp. (1) Hemlock

Umbellularia californica (2) California Bay, Laurel

VINES

Campsis (2) Trumpet Vine

Clematis armandii (1) Evergreen Clematis

Ficus pumila/ repens (1) Creeping Fig

Gelsimium sempervirens (1) Carolina Jessamine

Iochroma (2) Iochroma Vine

Ipomea spp. (1) Morning Glory, Blue Dawn Flower, Moonflower

Jasminum spp. [not Star Jasmine] (1) Jasmine

Lonicera spp. (1) Honeysuckle

Polygonum aubertii (1) Silver Lace Vine

Solandra maxima (1) Cup-of-Gold Vine

Solanum jasminoides (1) Potato Vine

Tecomaria capensis [Tecoma] (1) Cape Honeysuckle

Thunbergia alata (1) Black-Eyed Susan Vine

Wisteria spp. (1) Wisteria

GROUNDCOVERS

Ajuga repens (1) Bugleweed, Carpet Bugle

Carpobrotus edulis (1) Ice Plant

Catharanthus roseus (1) Vinca, Periwinkle

Cymbalaaria muralis (1) Kenilworth Ivy

Dymondia margaretae (1) Dymondia

Erodium reichardii [E. chamaedryoides] (1) Cranesbill

Festuca rubra (1) Red Fescue

Herniaria glabra (1) Green Carpet, Herneraria

Isotoma fluviatilis [Pratia pedunculata] (1) Blue Star Creeper

Myoporum spp. (1) Myoporum

Pachysandra terminalis (1) Japanese Spurge

Potentilla neumanniana [P. verna ‘Nana’] (1) Cinquefoil

Soleirolia soleirolii (1) Baby’s Tears

Veronica repens (1) Veronica

Vinca spp. (1) Periwinkle, Myrtle

ANNUALS / TENDER PERENNIALS

Ageratum (2) Ageratum

Alyssum [Lobularia maritime] (1) Sweet Alyssum

Anchusa capensis (1) Forget-Me-Not (Summer, Cape)

Begonia semperflorens (1) Fibrous Begonia

Begonia tuberhybrida (2) Tuberous Begonia

Bellis perennial (1) English Daisy

Calendula (2) Calendula

Celosia (2) Cockscomb

Cheiranthus / Erysimum (1) Wallflower

Chrysanthemum /Leucanthemum paludosum (1) Annual Daisy

Clarkia / Godetia (1) Farewell-to-Spring

Cleome hasslerana [C. spinosa] (1) Spider Flower

Cosmos (3) Cosmos

Cynglossum amabile (1) Chinese Forget-Me-Not

Dianthus spp. (2) Sweet William

Diplacus [Mimulus] (2) Monkey Flower

Erysimum / Cheiranthus (1) Wallflower

Eschscholzia californica (1) California Poppy

Helianthus (1) Sunflower

Impatiens (2) Impatiens

Ipomea tricolor (1) Morning Glory

Lobelia (2) Lobelia

Lobularia maritime (1) Sweet Alyssum

Myosotis sylvatica (1) Forget-Me-Not

Nicotiana spp. (1) Nicotiana

Nigella damascena (2) Love-in-a-Mist

Sanvitalia procumbens (1) Creeping Zinnia

Senecio cineraria (1) Dusty Miller

Tagetes (2) Annual Marigold

Tithonia rotundifolia (1) Mexican Sunflower

Zinnia, esp. ‘Profusion’ (2) Creeping Zinnia

BULBS

Allium spp. (1) Giant Allium; Star of Persia; Chives

Alstroemeria aurea (1) Peruvian Lily

Amaryllis belladonna (1) Naked Lady, Belladonna

Begonia tuberhybrida (2) Tuberous Begonia

Cannas spp.(1) Canna Lily

Colchicum autumnale (1) Autumn Crocus, Meadow Saffron

Crocosmia crocosmiiflora (1) Crocosmia, Montbretia

Crocus spp. (1) Crocus

Cyclamen spp. (2) Cyclamen

Cymbidium spp. (1) Cymbidium Orchid

Eranthis hyemalis (1) Winter Aconite

Freesia spp. (1) Freesia

Fritillaria imperialis (1) Fritillaria

Galanthus elwesii (1) Giant Snowdrop

Garlic spp. (1) Garlic, Chives

Iris spp. (1) Iris

Ixia spp. (1) African Corn Lily

Leucojum spp. (1) Snowflake

Lycoris spuamigera (1) Spider Lily

Muscari spp. (1) Grape Hyacinth

Narcissus spp. (1) Daffodil, Narcissus

Scilla spp. (1) Bluebells

Sternbergia lutea. (1) Fall Crocus

Watsonia spp. (1) Bugle Lily, Watsonia

Zantedeschia (1) Calla Lily